WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients
Identifieur interne : 002646 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002645; suivant : 002647WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients
Auteurs : Massimo Sartelli [Italie] ; Mark A. Malangoni [États-Unis] ; Fikri M. Abu-Zidan [Émirats arabes unis] ; Ewen A. Griffiths [Royaume-Uni] ; Stefano Di Bella [Italie] ; Lynne V. Mcfarland [États-Unis] ; Ian Eltringham [Royaume-Uni] ; Vishal G. Shelat [Singapour] ; George C. Velmahos [États-Unis] ; Ciarán P. Kelly [États-Unis] ; Sahil Khanna [États-Unis] ; Zaid M. Abdelsattar [États-Unis] ; Layan Alrahmani [États-Unis] ; Luca Ansaloni [Italie] ; Goran Augustin [Croatie] ; Miklosh Bala [Israël] ; Frédéric Barbut [France] ; Offir Ben-Ishay [Israël] ; Aneel Bhangu [Royaume-Uni] ; Walter L. Biffl [États-Unis] ; Stephen M. Brecher [États-Unis] ; Adrián Camacho-Ortiz [Mexique] ; Miguel A. Caínzos [Espagne] ; Laura A. Canterbury ; Fausto Catena [Italie] ; Shirley Chan [Royaume-Uni] ; Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec [États-Unis] ; Jesse Clanton [États-Unis] ; Federico Coccolini [Italie] ; Maria Elena Cocuz [Roumanie] ; Raul Coimbra [États-Unis] ; Charles H. Cook [États-Unis] ; Yunfeng Cui [République populaire de Chine] ; Jacek Czepiel [Pologne] ; Koray Das [Turquie] ; Zaza Demetrashvili [Géorgie (pays)] ; Isidoro Di Carlo [Qatar] ; Salomone Di Saverio [Italie] ; Irina Magdalena Dumitru [Roumanie] ; Catherine Eckert [France] ; Christian Eckmann [Allemagne] ; Edward H. Eiland [États-Unis] ; Mushira Abdulaziz Enani [Arabie saoudite] ; Mario Faro ; Paula Ferrada [États-Unis] ; Joseph Derek Forrester [États-Unis] ; Gustavo P. Fraga [Brésil] ; Jean Louis Frossard [Suisse] ; Rita Galeiras [Espagne] ; Wagih Ghnnam [Égypte] ; Carlos Augusto Gomes [Brésil] ; Venkata Gorrepati [États-Unis] ; Mohamed Hassan Ahmed ; Torsten Herzog [Allemagne] ; Felicia Humphrey [États-Unis] ; Jae Il Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Arda Isik [Turquie] ; Rao Ivatury [États-Unis] ; Yeong Yeh Lee ; Paul Juang [États-Unis] ; Luis Furuya-Kanamori ; Aleksandar Karamarkovic [Serbie] ; Peter K. Kim [États-Unis] ; Yoram Kluger [Israël] ; Wen Chien Ko [Taïwan] ; Francis D. Labarbera [États-Unis] ; Jae Gil Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Ari Leppaniemi [Finlande] ; Varut Lohsiriwat [Thaïlande] ; Sanjay Marwah [Inde] ; John E. Mazuski [États-Unis] ; Gokhan Metan [Turquie] ; Ernest E. Moore [États-Unis] ; Frederick Alan Moore [États-Unis] ; Carl Erik Nord [Suède] ; Carlos A. Ordo Ez [Colombie] ; Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior [Brésil] ; Nicola Petrosillo [Italie] ; Francisco Portela [Portugal] ; Basant K. Puri [Royaume-Uni] ; Arnab Ray [États-Unis] ; Mansoor Raza ; Miran Rems [Slovénie] ; Boris E. Sakakushev [Bulgarie] ; Gabriele Sganga [Italie] ; Patrizia Spigaglia [Italie] ; David B. Stewart [États-Unis] ; Pierre Tattevin [France] ; Jean Francois Timsit [France] ; Kathleen B. To [États-Unis] ; Cristian Tranà [Italie] ; Waldemar Uhl [Allemagne] ; Libor Urbánek [République tchèque] ; Harry Van Goor [Pays-Bas] ; Angela Vassallo [États-Unis] ; Jean Ralph Zahar [France] ; Emanuele Caproli [Italie] ; Pierluigi Viale [Italie]Source :
- World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES [ 1749-7922 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-015-0033-6
PubMed: 26300956
PubMed Central: 4545872
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Arabie saoudite, Brésil, Bulgarie, Colombie, Corée du Sud, Croatie, Espagne, Finlande, France, Géorgie (pays), Inde, Israël, Italie, Mexique, Pays-Bas, Pologne, Portugal, Qatar, Roumanie, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, République tchèque, Serbie, Singapour, Slovénie, Suisse, Suède, Taïwan, Thaïlande, Turquie, Égypte, Émirats arabes unis, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Californie, Floride, Galice, Grand Londres, Gueldre, Latium, Louisiane, Massachusetts, Michigan, Midlands de l'Ouest, Minnesota, Missouri (État), Moravie, Ohio, Pays de la Loire, Pennsylvanie, Région Bretagne, Région capitale de Séoul, Svealand, Virginie, Washington (État), État de New York, État du Mississippi, Île-de-France
- Angers, Birmingham, Brno, Londres, Nimègue, Paris, Philadelphie, Rennes, Rome, Saint-Louis (Missouri), San Diego, Santiago de Compostela, Seattle, Stockholm, Séoul, Tianjin
- Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, Université de Washington, École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)
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Le document en format XML
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Griffiths</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Bella, Stefano" sort="Di Bella, Stefano" uniqKey="Di Bella S" first="Stefano" last="Di Bella">Stefano Di Bella</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. 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Mcfarland</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eltringham, Ian" sort="Eltringham, Ian" uniqKey="Eltringham I" first="Ian" last="Eltringham">Ian Eltringham</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of Medical Microbiology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, King’s College Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shelat, Vishal G" sort="Shelat, Vishal G" uniqKey="Shelat V" first="Vishal G." last="Shelat">Vishal G. Shelat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Singapore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velmahos, George C" sort="Velmahos, George C" uniqKey="Velmahos G" first="George C." last="Velmahos">George C. Velmahos</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, Ciaran P" sort="Kelly, Ciaran P" uniqKey="Kelly C" first="Ciarán P." last="Kelly">Ciarán P. Kelly</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khanna, Sahil" sort="Khanna, Sahil" uniqKey="Khanna S" first="Sahil" last="Khanna">Sahil Khanna</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdelsattar, Zaid M" sort="Abdelsattar, Zaid M" uniqKey="Abdelsattar Z" first="Zaid M." last="Abdelsattar">Zaid M. Abdelsattar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alrahmani, Layan" sort="Alrahmani, Layan" uniqKey="Alrahmani L" first="Layan" last="Alrahmani">Layan Alrahmani</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansaloni, Luca" sort="Ansaloni, Luca" uniqKey="Ansaloni L" first="Luca" last="Ansaloni">Luca Ansaloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustin, Goran" sort="Augustin, Goran" uniqKey="Augustin G" first="Goran" last="Augustin">Goran Augustin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bala, Miklosh" sort="Bala, Miklosh" uniqKey="Bala M" first="Miklosh" last="Bala">Miklosh Bala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jerusalem</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbut, Frederic" sort="Barbut, Frederic" uniqKey="Barbut F" first="Frédéric" last="Barbut">Frédéric Barbut</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">UHLIN (Unité d’Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l’Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UHLIN (Unité d’Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l’Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ishay, Offir" sort="Ben Ishay, Offir" uniqKey="Ben Ishay O" first="Offir" last="Ben-Ishay">Offir Ben-Ishay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haifa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhangu, Aneel" sort="Bhangu, Aneel" uniqKey="Bhangu A" first="Aneel" last="Bhangu">Aneel Bhangu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biffl, Walter L" sort="Biffl, Walter L" uniqKey="Biffl W" first="Walter L." last="Biffl">Walter L. Biffl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brecher, Stephen M" sort="Brecher, Stephen M" uniqKey="Brecher S" first="Stephen M." last="Brecher">Stephen M. Brecher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" sort="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" uniqKey="Camacho Ortiz A" first="Adrián" last="Camacho-Ortiz">Adrián Camacho-Ortiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff22">Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monterrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cainzos, Miguel A" sort="Cainzos, Miguel A" uniqKey="Cainzos M" first="Miguel A." last="Caínzos">Miguel A. Caínzos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santiago de Compostela</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canterbury, Laura A" sort="Canterbury, Laura A" uniqKey="Canterbury L" first="Laura A." last="Canterbury">Laura A. Canterbury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Pathology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">AB Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catena, Fausto" sort="Catena, Fausto" uniqKey="Catena F" first="Fausto" last="Catena">Fausto Catena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Shirley" sort="Chan, Shirley" uniqKey="Chan S" first="Shirley" last="Chan">Shirley Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gillingham Kent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" sort="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" uniqKey="Cherry Bukowiec J" first="Jill R." last="Cherry-Bukowiec">Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clanton, Jesse" sort="Clanton, Jesse" uniqKey="Clanton J" first="Jesse" last="Clanton">Jesse Clanton</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff28">Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coccolini, Federico" sort="Coccolini, Federico" uniqKey="Coccolini F" first="Federico" last="Coccolini">Federico Coccolini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cocuz, Maria Elena" sort="Cocuz, Maria Elena" uniqKey="Cocuz M" first="Maria Elena" last="Cocuz">Maria Elena Cocuz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasov</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coimbra, Raul" sort="Coimbra, Raul" uniqKey="Coimbra R" first="Raul" last="Coimbra">Raul Coimbra</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff30">Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Charles H" sort="Cook, Charles H" uniqKey="Cook C" first="Charles H." last="Cook">Charles H. Cook</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yunfeng" sort="Cui, Yunfeng" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yunfeng" last="Cui">Yunfeng Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff32">Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tianjin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czepiel, Jacek" sort="Czepiel, Jacek" uniqKey="Czepiel J" first="Jacek" last="Czepiel">Jacek Czepiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff33">Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kraków</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Das, Koray" sort="Das, Koray" uniqKey="Das K" first="Koray" last="Das">Koray Das</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff34">Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Adana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrashvili, Zaza" sort="Demetrashvili, Zaza" uniqKey="Demetrashvili Z" first="Zaza" last="Demetrashvili">Zaza Demetrashvili</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Carlo, Isidoro" sort="Di Carlo, Isidoro" uniqKey="Di Carlo I" first="Isidoro" last="Di Carlo">Isidoro Di Carlo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff36">Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Saverio, Salomone" sort="Di Saverio, Salomone" uniqKey="Di Saverio S" first="Salomone" last="Di Saverio">Salomone Di Saverio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff37">Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" sort="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" uniqKey="Dumitru I" first="Irina Magdalena" last="Dumitru">Irina Magdalena Dumitru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff38">Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Constanta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckert, Catherine" sort="Eckert, Catherine" uniqKey="Eckert C" first="Catherine" last="Eckert">Catherine Eckert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff39">National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckmann, Christian" sort="Eckmann, Christian" uniqKey="Eckmann C" first="Christian" last="Eckmann">Christian Eckmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff40">Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiland, Edward H" sort="Eiland, Edward H" uniqKey="Eiland E" first="Edward H." last="Eiland">Edward H. Eiland</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff41">Vital Care, Inc, Meridian, MS USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Vital Care, Inc, Meridian</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" sort="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" uniqKey="Enani M" first="Mushira Abdulaziz" last="Enani">Mushira Abdulaziz Enani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff42">Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Mario" sort="Faro, Mario" uniqKey="Faro M" first="Mario" last="Faro">Mario Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff43">Department of General Surgery, Trauma and Emergency Surgery Division, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SP Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrada, Paula" sort="Ferrada, Paula" uniqKey="Ferrada P" first="Paula" last="Ferrada">Paula Ferrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff44">Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Joseph Derek" sort="Forrester, Joseph Derek" uniqKey="Forrester J" first="Joseph Derek" last="Forrester">Joseph Derek Forrester</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff45">Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraga, Gustavo P" sort="Fraga, Gustavo P" uniqKey="Fraga G" first="Gustavo P." last="Fraga">Gustavo P. Fraga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff46">Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frossard, Jean Louis" sort="Frossard, Jean Louis" uniqKey="Frossard J" first="Jean Louis" last="Frossard">Jean Louis Frossard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff47">Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genève</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galeiras, Rita" sort="Galeiras, Rita" uniqKey="Galeiras R" first="Rita" last="Galeiras">Rita Galeiras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff48">Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>A Coruña</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghnnam, Wagih" sort="Ghnnam, Wagih" uniqKey="Ghnnam W" first="Wagih" last="Ghnnam">Wagih Ghnnam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff49">Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mansoura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" sort="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" uniqKey="Gomes C" first="Carlos Augusto" last="Gomes">Carlos Augusto Gomes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff50">Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Juiz de Fora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorrepati, Venkata" sort="Gorrepati, Venkata" uniqKey="Gorrepati V" first="Venkata" last="Gorrepati">Venkata Gorrepati</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff51">Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" sort="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Mohamed Hassan" last="Ahmed">Mohamed Hassan Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff52">Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herzog, Torsten" sort="Herzog, Torsten" uniqKey="Herzog T" first="Torsten" last="Herzog">Torsten Herzog</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff53">Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphrey, Felicia" sort="Humphrey, Felicia" uniqKey="Humphrey F" first="Felicia" last="Humphrey">Felicia Humphrey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff54">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jae Il" sort="Kim, Jae Il" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jae Il" last="Kim">Jae Il Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff55">Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isik, Arda" sort="Isik, Arda" uniqKey="Isik A" first="Arda" last="Isik">Arda Isik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff56">General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Erzincan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivatury, Rao" sort="Ivatury, Rao" uniqKey="Ivatury R" first="Rao" last="Ivatury">Rao Ivatury</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff44">Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yeong Yeh" sort="Lee, Yeong Yeh" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yeong Yeh" last="Lee">Yeong Yeh Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff57">School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kelantan Malaysia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juang, Paul" sort="Juang, Paul" uniqKey="Juang P" first="Paul" last="Juang">Paul Juang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff58">Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" sort="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" uniqKey="Furuya Kanamori L" first="Luis" last="Furuya-Kanamori">Luis Furuya-Kanamori</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff59">Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT Australia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ACT Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" sort="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" uniqKey="Karamarkovic A" first="Aleksandar" last="Karamarkovic">Aleksandar Karamarkovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff60">Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Peter K" sort="Kim, Peter K" uniqKey="Kim P" first="Peter K" last="Kim">Peter K. Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff61">General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx, NY USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kluger, Yoram" sort="Kluger, Yoram" uniqKey="Kluger Y" first="Yoram" last="Kluger">Yoram Kluger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haifa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wen Chien" sort="Ko, Wen Chien" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wen Chien" last="Ko">Wen Chien Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff62">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labarbera, Francis D" sort="Labarbera, Francis D" uniqKey="Labarbera F" first="Francis D." last="Labarbera">Francis D. Labarbera</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff51">Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Gil" sort="Lee, Jae Gil" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae Gil" last="Lee">Jae Gil Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff63">Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leppaniemi, Ari" sort="Leppaniemi, Ari" uniqKey="Leppaniemi A" first="Ari" last="Leppaniemi">Ari Leppaniemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff64">Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohsiriwat, Varut" sort="Lohsiriwat, Varut" uniqKey="Lohsiriwat V" first="Varut" last="Lohsiriwat">Varut Lohsiriwat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff65">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marwah, Sanjay" sort="Marwah, Sanjay" uniqKey="Marwah S" first="Sanjay" last="Marwah">Sanjay Marwah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff66">Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rohtak</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazuski, John E" sort="Mazuski, John E" uniqKey="Mazuski J" first="John E." last="Mazuski">John E. Mazuski</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff67">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metan, Gokhan" sort="Metan, Gokhan" uniqKey="Metan G" first="Gokhan" last="Metan">Gokhan Metan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff68">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ankara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Ernest E" sort="Moore, Ernest E" uniqKey="Moore E" first="Ernest E." last="Moore">Ernest E. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Frederick Alan" sort="Moore, Frederick Alan" uniqKey="Moore F" first="Frederick Alan" last="Moore">Frederick Alan Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff69">Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nord, Carl Erik" sort="Nord, Carl Erik" uniqKey="Nord C" first="Carl Erik" last="Nord">Carl Erik Nord</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff70">Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" sort="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" uniqKey="Ordo Ez C" first="Carlos A." last="Ordo Ez">Carlos A. Ordo Ez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff71">Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" sort="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" uniqKey="Junior G" first="Gerson Alves Pereira" last="Júnior">Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff72">Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ribeirão Preto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrosillo, Nicola" sort="Petrosillo, Nicola" uniqKey="Petrosillo N" first="Nicola" last="Petrosillo">Nicola Petrosillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portela, Francisco" sort="Portela, Francisco" uniqKey="Portela F" first="Francisco" last="Portela">Francisco Portela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff73">Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puri, Basant K" sort="Puri, Basant K" uniqKey="Puri B" first="Basant K." last="Puri">Basant K. Puri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff74">Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ray, Arnab" sort="Ray, Arnab" uniqKey="Ray A" first="Arnab" last="Ray">Arnab Ray</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff54">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raza, Mansoor" sort="Raza, Mansoor" uniqKey="Raza M" first="Mansoor" last="Raza">Mansoor Raza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff75">Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff76">Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jesenice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris E" sort="Sakakushev, Boris E" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris E." last="Sakakushev">Boris E. Sakakushev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff77">Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plovdiv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sganga, Gabriele" sort="Sganga, Gabriele" uniqKey="Sganga G" first="Gabriele" last="Sganga">Gabriele Sganga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff78">Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spigaglia, Patrizia" sort="Spigaglia, Patrizia" uniqKey="Spigaglia P" first="Patrizia" last="Spigaglia">Patrizia Spigaglia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff79">Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, David B" sort="Stewart, David B" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="David B." last="Stewart">David B. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff80">Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tattevin, Pierre" sort="Tattevin, Pierre" uniqKey="Tattevin P" first="Pierre" last="Tattevin">Pierre Tattevin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff81">Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timsit, Jean Francois" sort="Timsit, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Timsit J" first="Jean Francois" last="Timsit">Jean Francois Timsit</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff82">AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kathleen B" sort="To, Kathleen B" uniqKey="To K" first="Kathleen B." last="To">Kathleen B. To</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trana, Cristian" sort="Trana, Cristian" uniqKey="Trana C" first="Cristian" last="Tranà">Cristian Tranà</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff83">Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uhl, Waldemar" sort="Uhl, Waldemar" uniqKey="Uhl W" first="Waldemar" last="Uhl">Waldemar Uhl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff53">Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urbanek, Libor" sort="Urbanek, Libor" uniqKey="Urbanek L" first="Libor" last="Urbánek">Libor Urbánek</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff84">1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Brno</settlement><region>Moravie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff85">Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vassallo, Angela" sort="Vassallo, Angela" uniqKey="Vassallo A" first="Angela" last="Vassallo">Angela Vassallo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff86">Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zahar, Jean Ralph" sort="Zahar, Jean Ralph" uniqKey="Zahar J" first="Jean Ralph" last="Zahar">Jean Ralph Zahar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff87">Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d’Angers, Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region><region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caproli, Emanuele" sort="Caproli, Emanuele" uniqKey="Caproli E" first="Emanuele" last="Caproli">Emanuele Caproli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff88">Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viale, Pierluigi" sort="Viale, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Viale P" first="Pierluigi" last="Viale">Pierluigi Viale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff89">Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26300956</idno><idno type="pmc">4545872</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545872</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4545872</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13017-015-0033-6</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000F14</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000F14</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D75</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000D75</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000C42</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000C42</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002A88</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002A88</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002A17</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002A17</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002A17</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002A17</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002971</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002971</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002971</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002645</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002646</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002646</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">WSES guidelines for management of <italic>Clostridium difficile</italic> infection in surgical patients</title><author><name sortKey="Sartelli, Massimo" sort="Sartelli, Massimo" uniqKey="Sartelli M" first="Massimo" last="Sartelli">Massimo Sartelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62019 Macerata, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62019 Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>62019 Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malangoni, Mark A" sort="Malangoni, Mark A" uniqKey="Malangoni M" first="Mark A." last="Malangoni">Mark A. Malangoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Philadelphie</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" sort="Abu Zidan, Fikri M" uniqKey="Abu Zidan F" first="Fikri M." last="Abu-Zidan">Fikri M. Abu-Zidan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Émirats arabes unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Al-Ain</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, Ewen A" sort="Griffiths, Ewen A" uniqKey="Griffiths E" first="Ewen A." last="Griffiths">Ewen A. Griffiths</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Bella, Stefano" sort="Di Bella, Stefano" uniqKey="Di Bella S" first="Stefano" last="Di Bella">Stefano Di Bella</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcfarland, Lynne V" sort="Mcfarland, Lynne V" uniqKey="Mcfarland L" first="Lynne V." last="Mcfarland">Lynne V. Mcfarland</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eltringham, Ian" sort="Eltringham, Ian" uniqKey="Eltringham I" first="Ian" last="Eltringham">Ian Eltringham</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of Medical Microbiology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Microbiology, King’s College Hospital, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shelat, Vishal G" sort="Shelat, Vishal G" uniqKey="Shelat V" first="Vishal G." last="Shelat">Vishal G. Shelat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Singapore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Velmahos, George C" sort="Velmahos, George C" uniqKey="Velmahos G" first="George C." last="Velmahos">George C. Velmahos</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly, Ciaran P" sort="Kelly, Ciaran P" uniqKey="Kelly C" first="Ciarán P." last="Kelly">Ciarán P. Kelly</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khanna, Sahil" sort="Khanna, Sahil" uniqKey="Khanna S" first="Sahil" last="Khanna">Sahil Khanna</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdelsattar, Zaid M" sort="Abdelsattar, Zaid M" uniqKey="Abdelsattar Z" first="Zaid M." last="Abdelsattar">Zaid M. Abdelsattar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alrahmani, Layan" sort="Alrahmani, Layan" uniqKey="Alrahmani L" first="Layan" last="Alrahmani">Layan Alrahmani</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansaloni, Luca" sort="Ansaloni, Luca" uniqKey="Ansaloni L" first="Luca" last="Ansaloni">Luca Ansaloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Augustin, Goran" sort="Augustin, Goran" uniqKey="Augustin G" first="Goran" last="Augustin">Goran Augustin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bala, Miklosh" sort="Bala, Miklosh" uniqKey="Bala M" first="Miklosh" last="Bala">Miklosh Bala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jerusalem</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbut, Frederic" sort="Barbut, Frederic" uniqKey="Barbut F" first="Frédéric" last="Barbut">Frédéric Barbut</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">UHLIN (Unité d’Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l’Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UHLIN (Unité d’Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l’Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ishay, Offir" sort="Ben Ishay, Offir" uniqKey="Ben Ishay O" first="Offir" last="Ben-Ishay">Offir Ben-Ishay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haifa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhangu, Aneel" sort="Bhangu, Aneel" uniqKey="Bhangu A" first="Aneel" last="Bhangu">Aneel Bhangu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Biffl, Walter L" sort="Biffl, Walter L" uniqKey="Biffl W" first="Walter L." last="Biffl">Walter L. Biffl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brecher, Stephen M" sort="Brecher, Stephen M" uniqKey="Brecher S" first="Stephen M." last="Brecher">Stephen M. Brecher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" sort="Camacho Ortiz, Adrian" uniqKey="Camacho Ortiz A" first="Adrián" last="Camacho-Ortiz">Adrián Camacho-Ortiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff22">Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Monterrey</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cainzos, Miguel A" sort="Cainzos, Miguel A" uniqKey="Cainzos M" first="Miguel A." last="Caínzos">Miguel A. Caínzos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santiago de Compostela</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Canterbury, Laura A" sort="Canterbury, Laura A" uniqKey="Canterbury L" first="Laura A." last="Canterbury">Laura A. Canterbury</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Pathology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">AB Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Catena, Fausto" sort="Catena, Fausto" uniqKey="Catena F" first="Fausto" last="Catena">Fausto Catena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Parma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Shirley" sort="Chan, Shirley" uniqKey="Chan S" first="Shirley" last="Chan">Shirley Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gillingham Kent</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" sort="Cherry Bukowiec, Jill R" uniqKey="Cherry Bukowiec J" first="Jill R." last="Cherry-Bukowiec">Jill R. Cherry-Bukowiec</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clanton, Jesse" sort="Clanton, Jesse" uniqKey="Clanton J" first="Jesse" last="Clanton">Jesse Clanton</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff28">Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coccolini, Federico" sort="Coccolini, Federico" uniqKey="Coccolini F" first="Federico" last="Coccolini">Federico Coccolini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bergamo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cocuz, Maria Elena" sort="Cocuz, Maria Elena" uniqKey="Cocuz M" first="Maria Elena" last="Cocuz">Maria Elena Cocuz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasov</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coimbra, Raul" sort="Coimbra, Raul" uniqKey="Coimbra R" first="Raul" last="Coimbra">Raul Coimbra</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff30">Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Charles H" sort="Cook, Charles H" uniqKey="Cook C" first="Charles H." last="Cook">Charles H. Cook</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Yunfeng" sort="Cui, Yunfeng" uniqKey="Cui Y" first="Yunfeng" last="Cui">Yunfeng Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff32">Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tianjin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Czepiel, Jacek" sort="Czepiel, Jacek" uniqKey="Czepiel J" first="Jacek" last="Czepiel">Jacek Czepiel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff33">Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kraków</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Das, Koray" sort="Das, Koray" uniqKey="Das K" first="Koray" last="Das">Koray Das</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff34">Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Adana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrashvili, Zaza" sort="Demetrashvili, Zaza" uniqKey="Demetrashvili Z" first="Zaza" last="Demetrashvili">Zaza Demetrashvili</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Carlo, Isidoro" sort="Di Carlo, Isidoro" uniqKey="Di Carlo I" first="Isidoro" last="Di Carlo">Isidoro Di Carlo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff36">Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Saverio, Salomone" sort="Di Saverio, Salomone" uniqKey="Di Saverio S" first="Salomone" last="Di Saverio">Salomone Di Saverio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff37">Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" sort="Dumitru, Irina Magdalena" uniqKey="Dumitru I" first="Irina Magdalena" last="Dumitru">Irina Magdalena Dumitru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff38">Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Constanta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckert, Catherine" sort="Eckert, Catherine" uniqKey="Eckert C" first="Catherine" last="Eckert">Catherine Eckert</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff39">National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckmann, Christian" sort="Eckmann, Christian" uniqKey="Eckmann C" first="Christian" last="Eckmann">Christian Eckmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff40">Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Peine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eiland, Edward H" sort="Eiland, Edward H" uniqKey="Eiland E" first="Edward H." last="Eiland">Edward H. Eiland</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff41">Vital Care, Inc, Meridian, MS USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Vital Care, Inc, Meridian</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" sort="Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz" uniqKey="Enani M" first="Mushira Abdulaziz" last="Enani">Mushira Abdulaziz Enani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff42">Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faro, Mario" sort="Faro, Mario" uniqKey="Faro M" first="Mario" last="Faro">Mario Faro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff43">Department of General Surgery, Trauma and Emergency Surgery Division, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP Brazil</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SP Brazil</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrada, Paula" sort="Ferrada, Paula" uniqKey="Ferrada P" first="Paula" last="Ferrada">Paula Ferrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff44">Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forrester, Joseph Derek" sort="Forrester, Joseph Derek" uniqKey="Forrester J" first="Joseph Derek" last="Forrester">Joseph Derek Forrester</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff45">Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraga, Gustavo P" sort="Fraga, Gustavo P" uniqKey="Fraga G" first="Gustavo P." last="Fraga">Gustavo P. Fraga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff46">Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Campinas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frossard, Jean Louis" sort="Frossard, Jean Louis" uniqKey="Frossard J" first="Jean Louis" last="Frossard">Jean Louis Frossard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff47">Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genève</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galeiras, Rita" sort="Galeiras, Rita" uniqKey="Galeiras R" first="Rita" last="Galeiras">Rita Galeiras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff48">Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>A Coruña</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghnnam, Wagih" sort="Ghnnam, Wagih" uniqKey="Ghnnam W" first="Wagih" last="Ghnnam">Wagih Ghnnam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff49">Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mansoura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" sort="Gomes, Carlos Augusto" uniqKey="Gomes C" first="Carlos Augusto" last="Gomes">Carlos Augusto Gomes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff50">Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Juiz de Fora</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gorrepati, Venkata" sort="Gorrepati, Venkata" uniqKey="Gorrepati V" first="Venkata" last="Gorrepati">Venkata Gorrepati</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff51">Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" sort="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Mohamed Hassan" last="Ahmed">Mohamed Hassan Ahmed</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff52">Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herzog, Torsten" sort="Herzog, Torsten" uniqKey="Herzog T" first="Torsten" last="Herzog">Torsten Herzog</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff53">Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Humphrey, Felicia" sort="Humphrey, Felicia" uniqKey="Humphrey F" first="Felicia" last="Humphrey">Felicia Humphrey</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff54">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jae Il" sort="Kim, Jae Il" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jae Il" last="Kim">Jae Il Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff55">Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isik, Arda" sort="Isik, Arda" uniqKey="Isik A" first="Arda" last="Isik">Arda Isik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff56">General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Erzincan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ivatury, Rao" sort="Ivatury, Rao" uniqKey="Ivatury R" first="Rao" last="Ivatury">Rao Ivatury</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff44">Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yeong Yeh" sort="Lee, Yeong Yeh" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yeong Yeh" last="Lee">Yeong Yeh Lee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff57">School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Kelantan Malaysia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Juang, Paul" sort="Juang, Paul" uniqKey="Juang P" first="Paul" last="Juang">Paul Juang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff58">Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" sort="Furuya Kanamori, Luis" uniqKey="Furuya Kanamori L" first="Luis" last="Furuya-Kanamori">Luis Furuya-Kanamori</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff59">Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT Australia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">ACT Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" sort="Karamarkovic, Aleksandar" uniqKey="Karamarkovic A" first="Aleksandar" last="Karamarkovic">Aleksandar Karamarkovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff60">Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Serbie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Peter K" sort="Kim, Peter K" uniqKey="Kim P" first="Peter K" last="Kim">Peter K. Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff61">General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx, NY USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kluger, Yoram" sort="Kluger, Yoram" uniqKey="Kluger Y" first="Yoram" last="Kluger">Yoram Kluger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Haifa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wen Chien" sort="Ko, Wen Chien" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wen Chien" last="Ko">Wen Chien Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff62">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tainan</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labarbera, Francis D" sort="Labarbera, Francis D" uniqKey="Labarbera F" first="Francis D." last="Labarbera">Francis D. Labarbera</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff51">Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jae Gil" sort="Lee, Jae Gil" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jae Gil" last="Lee">Jae Gil Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff63">Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leppaniemi, Ari" sort="Leppaniemi, Ari" uniqKey="Leppaniemi A" first="Ari" last="Leppaniemi">Ari Leppaniemi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff64">Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lohsiriwat, Varut" sort="Lohsiriwat, Varut" uniqKey="Lohsiriwat V" first="Varut" last="Lohsiriwat">Varut Lohsiriwat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff65">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marwah, Sanjay" sort="Marwah, Sanjay" uniqKey="Marwah S" first="Sanjay" last="Marwah">Sanjay Marwah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff66">Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Rohtak</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazuski, John E" sort="Mazuski, John E" uniqKey="Mazuski J" first="John E." last="Mazuski">John E. Mazuski</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff67">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metan, Gokhan" sort="Metan, Gokhan" uniqKey="Metan G" first="Gokhan" last="Metan">Gokhan Metan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff68">Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ankara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Ernest E" sort="Moore, Ernest E" uniqKey="Moore E" first="Ernest E." last="Moore">Ernest E. Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Denver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Frederick Alan" sort="Moore, Frederick Alan" uniqKey="Moore F" first="Frederick Alan" last="Moore">Frederick Alan Moore</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff69">Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nord, Carl Erik" sort="Nord, Carl Erik" uniqKey="Nord C" first="Carl Erik" last="Nord">Carl Erik Nord</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff70">Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" sort="Ordo Ez, Carlos A" uniqKey="Ordo Ez C" first="Carlos A." last="Ordo Ez">Carlos A. Ordo Ez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff71">Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" sort="Junior, Gerson Alves Pereira" uniqKey="Junior G" first="Gerson Alves Pereira" last="Júnior">Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff72">Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ribeirão Preto</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrosillo, Nicola" sort="Petrosillo, Nicola" uniqKey="Petrosillo N" first="Nicola" last="Petrosillo">Nicola Petrosillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portela, Francisco" sort="Portela, Francisco" uniqKey="Portela F" first="Francisco" last="Portela">Francisco Portela</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff73">Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puri, Basant K" sort="Puri, Basant K" uniqKey="Puri B" first="Basant K." last="Puri">Basant K. Puri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff74">Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ray, Arnab" sort="Ray, Arnab" uniqKey="Ray A" first="Arnab" last="Ray">Arnab Ray</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff54">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raza, Mansoor" sort="Raza, Mansoor" uniqKey="Raza M" first="Mansoor" last="Raza">Mansoor Raza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff75">Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Buckinghamshire UK</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff76">Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jesenice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris E" sort="Sakakushev, Boris E" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris E." last="Sakakushev">Boris E. Sakakushev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff77">Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Plovdiv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sganga, Gabriele" sort="Sganga, Gabriele" uniqKey="Sganga G" first="Gabriele" last="Sganga">Gabriele Sganga</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff78">Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spigaglia, Patrizia" sort="Spigaglia, Patrizia" uniqKey="Spigaglia P" first="Patrizia" last="Spigaglia">Patrizia Spigaglia</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff79">Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, David B" sort="Stewart, David B" uniqKey="Stewart D" first="David B." last="Stewart">David B. Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff80">Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tattevin, Pierre" sort="Tattevin, Pierre" uniqKey="Tattevin P" first="Pierre" last="Tattevin">Pierre Tattevin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff81">Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Timsit, Jean Francois" sort="Timsit, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Timsit J" first="Jean Francois" last="Timsit">Jean Francois Timsit</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff82">AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="To, Kathleen B" sort="To, Kathleen B" uniqKey="To K" first="Kathleen B." last="To">Kathleen B. To</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trana, Cristian" sort="Trana, Cristian" uniqKey="Trana C" first="Cristian" last="Tranà">Cristian Tranà</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff83">Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macerata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uhl, Waldemar" sort="Uhl, Waldemar" uniqKey="Uhl W" first="Waldemar" last="Uhl">Waldemar Uhl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff53">Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Urbanek, Libor" sort="Urbanek, Libor" uniqKey="Urbanek L" first="Libor" last="Urbánek">Libor Urbánek</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff84">1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Brno</settlement><region>Moravie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff85">Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vassallo, Angela" sort="Vassallo, Angela" uniqKey="Vassallo A" first="Angela" last="Vassallo">Angela Vassallo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff86">Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zahar, Jean Ralph" sort="Zahar, Jean Ralph" uniqKey="Zahar J" first="Jean Ralph" last="Zahar">Jean Ralph Zahar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff87">Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d’Angers, Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region><region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caproli, Emanuele" sort="Caproli, Emanuele" uniqKey="Caproli E" first="Emanuele" last="Caproli">Emanuele Caproli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff88">Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ancona</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viale, Pierluigi" sort="Viale, Pierluigi" uniqKey="Viale P" first="Pierluigi" last="Viale">Pierluigi Viale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff89">Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bologna</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES</title><idno type="eISSN">1749-7922</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of <italic>Clostridium difficile</italic> infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of <italic>C difficile</italic>, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clements, Ac" uniqKey="Clements A">AC Clements</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magalhaes, Rj" uniqKey="Magalhaes R">RJ Magalhães</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tatem, Aj" uniqKey="Tatem A">AJ Tatem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paterson, Dl" uniqKey="Paterson D">DL Paterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riley, Tv" uniqKey="Riley T">TV Riley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lessa, Fc" uniqKey="Lessa F">FC Lessa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gould, Cv" uniqKey="Gould C">CV Gould</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Lc" uniqKey="Mcdonald L">LC 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Willt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Odenhott, I" uniqKey="Odenhott I">I Odenhott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walder, M" uniqKey="Walder M">M Walder</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Landelle, C" uniqKey="Landelle C">C Landelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verachten, M" uniqKey="Verachten M">M Verachten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Legrand, P" uniqKey="Legrand P">P Legrand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Girou, E" uniqKey="Girou E">E Girou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbut, F" uniqKey="Barbut F">F Barbut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brun Buisson, C" uniqKey="Brun Buisson C">C Brun-Buisson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Bulgarie</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Géorgie (pays)</li><li>Inde</li><li>Israël</li><li>Italie</li><li>Mexique</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Pologne</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Qatar</li><li>Roumanie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>République tchèque</li><li>Serbie</li><li>Singapour</li><li>Slovénie</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>Taïwan</li><li>Thaïlande</li><li>Turquie</li><li>Égypte</li><li>Émirats arabes unis</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Californie</li><li>Floride</li><li>Galice</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Gueldre</li><li>Latium</li><li>Louisiane</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Michigan</li><li>Midlands de l'Ouest</li><li>Minnesota</li><li>Missouri (État)</li><li>Moravie</li><li>Ohio</li><li>Pays de la Loire</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Région Bretagne</li><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Virginie</li><li>Washington (État)</li><li>État de New York</li><li>État du Mississippi</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Angers</li><li>Birmingham</li><li>Brno</li><li>Londres</li><li>Nimègue</li><li>Paris</li><li>Philadelphie</li><li>Rennes</li><li>Rome</li><li>Saint-Louis (Missouri)</li><li>San Diego</li><li>Santiago de Compostela</li><li>Seattle</li><li>Stockholm</li><li>Séoul</li><li>Tianjin</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle</li><li>Université de Washington</li><li>École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" sort="Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan" uniqKey="Ahmed M" first="Mohamed Hassan" last="Ahmed">Mohamed Hassan Ahmed</name><name sortKey="Canterbury, Laura A" sort="Canterbury, Laura A" uniqKey="Canterbury L" first="Laura A." last="Canterbury">Laura A. 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Ordo Ez</name></noRegion></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Portela, Francisco" sort="Portela, Francisco" uniqKey="Portela F" first="Francisco" last="Portela">Francisco Portela</name></noRegion></country><country name="Slovénie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rems, Miran" sort="Rems, Miran" uniqKey="Rems M" first="Miran" last="Rems">Miran Rems</name></noRegion></country><country name="Bulgarie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sakakushev, Boris E" sort="Sakakushev, Boris E" uniqKey="Sakakushev B" first="Boris E." last="Sakakushev">Boris E. Sakakushev</name></noRegion></country><country name="République tchèque"><region name="Moravie"><name sortKey="Urbanek, Libor" sort="Urbanek, Libor" uniqKey="Urbanek L" first="Libor" last="Urbánek">Libor Urbánek</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Gueldre"><name sortKey="Van Goor, Harry" sort="Van Goor, Harry" uniqKey="Van Goor H" first="Harry" last="Van Goor">Harry Van Goor</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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